Initial Teaching Assignment Essay

In my role as a tutor of support teaching and learning in schools my responsibilities include: promoting cognitive elaboration *Cognitive psychology is concerned with the various mental activities which result in the acquisition and processing of information by the learner. It’s theories involve a perception of the learner as a purposive individual in continuous interaction with his social and psychological environment.( l.b.curzon (2003). teaching in further education. 6th ed. london: continuum. 35.) Holding a good knowledge of outside agencies that maybe used when an issue is outside of my knowledge or expertise. These may include N.S.P.C.C, medical teams including GP’s, health visitors ect, councillors, learning support workers, banks, building societies and the student finance England information for funding or loan advice, police, fire services and social services. All of these outside agencies could be used for supporting my learners and for them to use in their role as a teaching assistant as they are working with children and young people. I work towards promoting social and emotional development, encouraging learners and rewarding them during tasks, discussions, production of work whilst developing into a responsible teaching assistants. Being reliable is paramount to learners giving them a sense of belonging and security that I would always be there to discuss any issues or concerns with them, especially if the issue is a delicate one. Showing my learners that I can promote equality by letting them have every opportunity to attend and participate in every aspect of the lesson is also giving them opportunity to express their own ideas and personality. I myself am always looking to learn and gaining skills from learners is another way of learning and promoting diversity. Every learner is different and giving them opportunity to share their ways and knowledge and including these skills to improve their learning and adding to their new career in a positive way encourages diversity. Understand own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment.

Plant and Animal Cell

First of all, plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells. They have complex structures but they both have major differences, as well some similarities. Plant cell are usually larger than animal cell. Both types of cells have many organelles. The plant cell has a few more organelles than the animal cell but for the most part they  have the same organelles. Animal and plant cells both have a nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and  endoplasmic reticulum. Only plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast, and plastids.Both cells are controlled by a nucleus and otherwise they wouldn’t be able to function without it. As well, the ribosomes go through a process called synthesis of proteins, these proteins are necessary for life in the cells. The Golgi apparatus packs the proteins to stay in the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum is categorized into two parts, Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it; it packs the proteins made by the ribosomes.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes but it detoxifies poisonous material in the cell. Furthermore, animal cells are rounded and irregular in shape, while plant cells have fixed rectangular shapes. Plant cell have cell wall which makes a rectangular structure, these structure are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and a variety of other materials, but animal cells don’t have this cell wall causing it to have dynamic shapes (spherical shape).Plant cells have chloroplasts for the utilization of sunlight and this is what contributes for a plant to look green. Plant cell do photosynthesis while animal cells can’t. The chloroplast is only present in plant cell because they make their own food. Also plant cells contains a large central vacuole that is enclosed by a membrane that makes up 90% of the cell volume, while as compared to the animal cell, it has one or more vacuole but smaller that the plant cell. Also plant cell have plastids and animal cell don’t have.Plastids are small organs in the cytoplasm that stores colored pigment and food. Plant cells use linking pores in their cell wall to connect to each other and pass information while anima cells depend on an analogous system of gap-junctions that allows communication between cells. Animal cells have centrioles, cilia and lysosomes but plant cells have no need for centrioles because their spindle fibers are connected to the cell wall. Below are two pictures, one of an animal cell and the other from a plant cell.ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Reference: 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://scienceray. com/biology/animal-and-plant-cell-similarities-and-differences/ 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. preservearticles. com/201101032391/main-differences-between-plant-and-animal-cell. htm l 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. diffen. com/difference/Animal_Cell_vs_Plant_Cell

Caribbean Studies Essay

â€Å"The history of the Caribbean is the history of exploitation of labour.† Discuss with reference to Encomienda, Slavery and Indentureship. According to the Oxford Dictionary, exploitation is defined as being the action or condition of treating someone or a group of people unfairly in order to benefit from their work, also, labour refers to work that is done using bodily strength and effort. In a historical sense, the Caribbean can be defined as being a group of countries sharing the same background of forced labour through the institutions of colonization, indentureship and slavery in some form or another (Robottom and Clayton, 2001). Understanding this, the historical Caribbean would be inclusive of the Bahamas and Guyana as well as some Central American countries. As it speaks to colonization, there were three main Old World colonizers that set out for land to conquer and riches to claim; Spaniards, the British, and the French, each of whom utilized systems of exploitation in order to obtain what they had sought from the so called â€Å"New World†, which were mainly new lands for the Feudal Lords or Kings and/or Queens of their respective mother countries. In contemporary Caribbean society, the population is one of the most demographically diverse regions in the world, this is a result of the heavy colonization of the region that was initiated by Christopher Columbus’ first voyage to the Caribbean in search of a shorter route to India, thus the reason for calling the region the West Indies, which resulted in more European colonists coming to the Caribbean in search of the riches and produce of the region. The exploitation of labour has long been the very backbone or foundation on which the diasporic and historical Caribbean has been formed through the Old  World colonists importing slaves and indentured labourers from various parts of the world like West Africa, India and China. Firstly speaking with reference to the Spaniard Encomienda system which started formally in 1503; the term â€Å"Encomienda† was coined from the Spanish verb encomendar, which means to entrust. This therefore means that both parties had entrusted their resources to each other, as the main objectives of the Encomienda system that was seemingly to be to the benefit of the indigenous people was to spread the doctrines of the Christian faith, provide adequate housing facilities and food provision for the native people of the colonized islands (Yeager, 843). In exchange for these amenities, the natives would have to work for the Spaniards as slaves. The Encomienda system was considered to be the most damaging institutions that the Spanish colonist implemented in the New World. The Encomienda system was also developed as a means of obtaining adequate and cheap labour. However it may be said that in being able to obtain this labour, the Spaniard Encomenderos were rewarded with land as well as the natives that accommodated that same land due to their endeavours on successful conquests. This was as early as 1499, and this took four years to become a formal rewarding system for the Spaniard Conquistadores. The Queen of Spain, Queen Isabella, did not support the notion of enslaving humans to do work. Knowing this, the Spaniard Encomenderos did not let Queen Isabella know that they were forcing others to labour on their plantations, so they sent her tributes from the indians such as goods and metals. However, the abolition of the encomienda system was becoming imminent as of 1510 when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had begun to regret allotting such power to Columbus, therefore they sent an agent to oversee the running of the system. Word had gotten to the King and Queen by means of this agent about the mistreatment of the natives of the region, thus leading to its abolition in 1542 and in effect its replacement by the crown governed Repartimiento system. This Encomienda system had impacted the Spanish speaking Caribbean countries  in both good and bad ways, whereas the demography of these islands are quite diverse due to the reception of the African slaves that mixed with the Amerindians, and later on the Spaniards that interbred with both African and Amerindian slaves which had slowly become deemed as the â€Å"Grey Area†; where whites and coloured people had copulated. Slavery had first begun in the British-colonized Caribbean during the period of the arrival of the first African that came to the Caribbean in 1517 by the Spaniards. This was in response to the decline of the tobacco industry in the Caribbean due to the the new focus on the crop in Virginia. Therefore, without a main crop that provided subsistence and export income, the British had turned to sugar cane, a plantation crop that required a stronger, more efficient work force that was overall more in numbers. The native Amerindians were dying out rapidly due to the unfamiliar notion of being overworked by their slave masters. They obtained their work force by means of stealing/tricking the African head tribesmen into trading his people for so called â€Å"riches†, which in fact were of no value to the Europeans, thus meaning that they robbed the tribesmen in what was seemingly a â€Å"fair trade†. These West-African slaves were brought to the Caribbean via ship across the Atlantic along a path known as the Middle Passage; a treacherous stretch of water where numerous West Africans lost their lives due to below standard living conditions, being killed by the Europeans and suicide by jumping overboard. Slavery’s impact on the Caribbean correlates with George Beckford’s analysis of the region as being a Plantation Society, a social system encompassing an entire lifestyle of the population inhabiting the region, inclusive of social, socio-economic and demographic factors. In the context of contemporary Caribbean society, as it relates to the Plantation System, social mobility in both contexts somewhat differ but yet share a common trait that coincides with the factor of the demography of the population. Social mobility is the ability of a person or a group of people to be able to advance within a social system of open stratification, meaning that it is a process by which one is able to advance in social class within their  population. In the era of slavery, the social system was one of closed stratification, therefore, a slave was not able to advance within the social strata or framework due to what Amartya Sen sees as an â€Å"unfreedom†; these unfreedoms are prejudices, inclusive of race and class, that cannot be changed and in effect, the slaves social standing could not either. However in the contemporary Caribbean society, a member of the society is able to move up in social class based on the wealth or property he acquires. Although this is dependent on the governmental framework, whether it be communist, in which case it would be closed stratification, or capitalist, social mobility is a key factor of the link between the era of slavery and the contemporary Caribbean, as it has evolved through the abolition of slavery in 1834 as well as the mixing of the demographic to create a third social strata apart from the black and whites, the mulattoes. The British and French slavery system has impacted the Caribbean society both in good and bad ways, as previously discussed, the evolution of social mobility may be deemed as good, while one of the shortcomings of the slavery system is that the slaves were being abused by their slave masters and were being treated as animals. This can be somewhat translated into contemporary Caribbean society as being a form of not only capital punishment in educational institutions, mostly primary, but also of abuse within the home. Although the numbers for these cases are not in the majority, the cases are still present in the Caribbean. The slavery system was abolished in 1834 finally fully abolished in 1838, by which time Indentureship had begun. Indentureship had begun from 1838 and was designed as a means of obtaining a work force to work on the plantations for low pay, especially since slavery was abolished. A strong and dependable workforce was in high demand at the point of it’s institution, as although some emancipated African slaves had stayed back, the number wasn’t enough to sustain the plantation. The first set of indentured labourers to have arrived to the Caribbean were the Chinese labourers. They had arrived in two main waves, where the first waves was intended to be the replacement work force to work on the sugar  cane plantations during the post Emancipation period. They mostly went to British Guiana, Trinidad and Cuba. The second wave, however, consisted of mostly relatives of the members of the first wave that went to British Guiana, Jamaica and Trinidad. The former slave owners had decided to use Chinese labourers due to them being â€Å"free civilized people†, thus that would set an example for the newly freed Africans in order to alleviate the chances of a rebellion against them. However, this venture was did not reap any substantial dividends as the mortality rate on the plantations were increasing as well as abandonment. The first wave of Chinese were not used to that level of physical labour and slowly died out, while the second wave of Chinese were free voluntary migrants that came due to the discontent of the labourers who had wanted to carry their families to the Caribbean with them. This therefore means that the most modern Caribbean Chinese are descendants of the second wave of Chinese immigrants. After the British had seen that the Chinese labourers were not as dependable and not as cheap, the sought a new workforce from India, so the British had sent agents to Calcutta to convince the Indians to come to the Caribbean and work on the sugar plantations. when the first Indian arrived in the Caribbean in 1838, they were forced to live under harsh conditions as the Europeans had the same mentality of slavery, so when the Indians tried to flee the plantation, they were chased, caught, brought back to the plantation and punished.By 1841, India had banned immigration to Guyana due to the news of the labourers being treated like slaves. However by 1845 the immigration of Indians would continue through Portugal, where the Portuguese workers who were coming to the Caribbean, knowing that they would be branded as slaves, had carried approximately 5000 Indians along with them. The Indentureship system had impacted the contemporary Caribbean lifestyle in the sense of the demographic factor, as well as business wise. Demographically speaking, both Indians and Chinese that came to the Caribbean have influenced the racial diversity of the region, where during the era of Indentureship, more Indians had gone to Guyana and Trinidad, in  contemporary Caribbean society, this same racial ratio is still present as approximately over 50% of Guyana’s population are of Indian descent. Along with the demographic factor comes cultural diversity, which encompasses a lifestyle unique to their homeland. In terms of style of business, this trait or practice was adopted from the Chinese indentured labourers who had left the plantation in order to establish shops and other income oriented businesses. In contemporary Caribbean society, Chinese citizens are usually thought to be in some sort of business management. The Caribbean does indeed have the history of the exploitation of labour as its own, and due to the Old World’s conquests of the New World’s land and riches, this provided a reason to find interest in the West Indies. The abundance of unclaimed land, availability of resources and an available workforce in the Amerindians was motivation enough to exploit not only the resources of the region, but also to exploit the labour of not only the Native people, but also the African slaves and East Indian indentured labourers. However, this history of exploitation is the very basis on which the contemporary Caribbean has been formed as with the slaves and indentured labourers that came, so did their cultures and practices. This therefore contributes to the diverse nature of the Caribbean society.

The Public Health and Social Services Research Paper

The Public Health and Social Services - Research Paper Example Public health policies are implemented on a community level on the basis of the need of the local population. In 1914, a study regarding the effect of public health implemented on a national level yielded disappointing result related to solving health issues in the community level, thus, inclusion of other services redefined public health provision. In addition to the immediate treatment of community, legislation includes other important roles which define the modern state of public health. One is the establishment of a local facility within the community that can provide chronic disease prevention and medical care which means that on emergency cases wherein the whole community’s health is at state, the said public health unit has the power to lead and connect to other agencies to resolve the issues. Examples include epidemics or diseases related to different forms of calamities (Turnock, 2011, p.7-9). Included in the important part of the local public health department benchm arks are public health nurses (1 in every 5,000 people), environmental health workers (1 in every 25,000 people), clerical staff (1 in every 15,000 people), and other health professionals such as clinicians, dentists, dental hygienists, lab workers, health educators and others as needed on a part-time basis (NACCHO, 2011, p.4). Another pertinent role of the community public health unit recognized is public research and education, thus, the other benchmarks health professional roles had been included. Inputs on promotion, implementation and amendments of public health policies are also included in the role of the public health unit to ensure continuous improvement of the services related to the health of the public (Turnock,

The Ides of March by George Clooney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ides of March by George Clooney - Essay Example   Some of the gossip about certain indignities including bribery or corruption, sex scandals, blackmail and altering their visions and course of history by compelling the voters to compromise their values and principles, by doing so, the candidates end up making sacrifices so that they can survive in the race and hopefully win in the end.The idea for the theme and plot of this movie traces back to the historical 2004 elections. It is a condemnation of the small minded politicians in the country, and an eye-opener to the public that there is something greater inside all of us, therefore, we should not be swayed by what we see and compromise our values, but stick to our beliefs and vote for the right people. It is also a reflection of the cost one has to pay for conducting business, in a world filled with people who are ready to bring down and kill each other in whichever manner, just for the opportunity to be in control of what and who remain. When Barrack Obama was vying for the pr esidency under the Democratic flag, there were high anticipations of him clinching the chair, and that would be the most exhilarating event to occur to the party, after the death of John F. Kennedy. However, the hash of the reality of the past few years messed up the optimism everyone had, but Obama managed to become victorious. In relation to the movie, it is a depiction of a long, hard journey from mere hope to struggling to survive, just as Obama did. In conclusion, the theme of the movie is about a politician who seems different from others.

Evaluate the recent performance of the uk economy Essay

Evaluate the recent performance of the uk economy - Essay Example Currently, the GDP of France is at $2,734.95 billion, a rise from 2,611.22 the previous year (Trading Economics 2015). The rate of inflation in the U.K. was at -0.10 percent during the first quarter of 2015. Between 1989 and 2015, it has averaged 2.72 percent, reaching highest at 8.5 percent in 1991 and lowest at –0.10 percent in 2015. In the United States, the inflation rate witnessed during the first quarter of 2015 was -0.2 percent. For France, the country witnessed at the inflation rate of 0.1 percent in the first quarter of 2015 (Trading Economics 2015). During the first three months of 2015, the level of unemployment in the U.K. has gone down to 5.50 percent from 5.60 percent the previous year. The between 1971 and 2015, the level of unemployment averaged 7.24 percent, with highest at 12 percent in 1984 and lowest at 3.40 percent in 1973. In the United States, the rate of unemployment was at 5.50 percent during the first quarter of 2015. The average rate of unemployment in the U.S. has averaged 5.83 percent between 1982 and 2015, with highest levels at 10.8 percent in 1982 and lowest at 2.5 percent in 1953. In the case of France, the rate of unemployment went down to 10 percent during the first three months of 2015 from 10.40 percent in last quarter of 2014. The average rate of unemployment between 1996 and 2015 has averaged 9.20 percent, with highest levels at 10.80 percent in 1997 and lowest at 7.20 percent in 2008 (Trading Economics 2015). With regard to the government budget, United Kingdom has a government budget deficit, which is representative of 5.70 percent of the country’s GDP. In the United States, government budget deficit accounts for 2.80 percent of the country’s GDP. In the case of France, the budget deficit represents about 4 percent of the country’s GDP (Trading Economics 2015). To determine income distribution, the GNI index is appropriate as it reveals the extent

This part of the exam requires some consideration of all concepts of Case Study

This part of the exam requires some consideration of all concepts of the Assess, Decide, - Case Study Example is likely to face is the practice by officers program officer to encourage officers not to drop out of the program for a time long enough to shift the blame to another department. This practice, although not illegal was unethical and Commander Allan Deveneux had to act on it, therefore, he had to assess the how rampant was the problem and the factors that contributed to it. The problem would be found to be loopholes in the system; therefore, a decision would have to be made on how those loopholes would be covered to avoid such incidents in future. After the finding the right way to seal those loopholes in the system, Commander Allan Deveneux would go ahead and implement the decision he found suitable. The final step would be to ensure that the problem of encouraging officers to hold in the program for a period long enough to shift the blame has stopped. The friction between chief Piersall and chief Cyphre caused by a recent firing and widespread command failures to make goals which left a lot of employees unsettled. While Piersall, who was the CMC, was deeply concerned about the morale of the staff and wanted to take some time to help the staff overcome the incident, Cyphre thought that they were just shaken up because they had been used to poor leadership and bad habits and when they resume their normal duties, they would feel better. In order to get to the real cause of the friction between the two senior staff members, assessing them on a personal basis would bear much fruits since they were insincere in their public apologies. In addition since master Piersall was not a career recruiter while master Cyphre was a career recruiter might have been part of the reason for the friction, Allan would have sought the perspectives of both which would have helped him determine whether it may have been a cause. Based on the information tha t he got from both parties Allan would then opt for a solution that would ensure that they work amicably. As the commanding officer,